Welcome to the first module of Thing 1! This module starts at the very beginning, defining data, providing specific examples, and challenging the different ways you might think about data. Before we dive right into what data is, consider this introductory video from the University of Houston Library.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/6\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u201din_container\u201d full_screen_row_position=\u201dmiddle\u201d column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d scene_position=\u201dcenter\u201d top_padding=\u201d100\u2033 constrain_group_1=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding=\u201d100\u2033 left_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d constrain_group_2=\u201dyes\u201d right_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d top_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 constrain_group_3=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 top_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 constrain_group_5=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 text_color=\u201ddark\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d row_border_radius_applies=\u201dbg\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d shape_divider_position=\u201dbottom\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d shape_type=\u201d\u201d][vc_column column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d column_position=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p>
Le contexte est essentiel !<\/strong> Data is information that has been put into a specific context. It is information used to answer a question that you might have, whether it\u2019s as simple as: what is the average height in my family or as complex as: how do repeated hurricanes affect the Nova Scotia lobster population over a long-term period?[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> Il y a sans doute quelques exemples num\u00e9riques qui vous viennent \u00e0 l'esprit lorsque vous pensez aux donn\u00e9es. Par exemple, les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, o\u00f9 vous pouvez trouver des donn\u00e9es sur le nombre de vues, de \u00ab j'aime \u00bb et d'autres interactions avec le contenu que vous publiez.<\/p>\n Vous pouvez \u00e9galement extraire des donn\u00e9es simplement \u00e0 partir de votre galerie de photos ou en visionnant vos vid\u00e9os. Qui y figure ? Quelle est la dur\u00e9e des vid\u00e9os ? O\u00f9 et quand ont-elles \u00e9t\u00e9 tourn\u00e9es ?<\/p>\n With digital data, you can have a huge wealth of it at your fingertips in mere moments![\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d top_padding_tablet=\u201d50\u2033 top_padding_phone=\u201d25\u2033 text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> Il y a fort \u00e0 parier que chacun d\u2019entre vous qui suit ce cours avait en t\u00eate un exemple de donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques. Mais les donn\u00e9es ne se limitent pas au domaine num\u00e9rique ; en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques sont encore relativement r\u00e9centes en comparaison ! M\u00eame des \u00e9l\u00e9ments auxquels on ne s\u2019attendrait pas \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n O\u00f9 que vous soyez, que ce soit en t\u00e9l\u00e9travail, au bureau, ou m\u00eame si vous suivez ce cours dans une biblioth\u00e8que ou un caf\u00e9, il y a des donn\u00e9es que vous pouvez observer et comprendre autour de vous. Regardez autour de vous pour rep\u00e9rer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui pourraient constituer des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n Si vous travaillez chez vous, que ce soit dans un bureau \u00e0 domicile ou dans une pi\u00e8ce am\u00e9nag\u00e9e \u00e0 cet effet, vous poss\u00e9dez tr\u00e8s probablement plusieurs livres ou manuels destin\u00e9s \u00e0 vos \u00e9tudes, \u00e0 votre travail ou \u00e0 vos loisirs. Quelles informations pouvez-vous tirer de ces livres ?<\/p>\n If you\u2019re in an office there are likely other cubicles, computers or people around you, and they can be just as much data as books might be. Finally, even when in a coffee shop there is data everywhere, such as prices of various drinks and snacks, stock amount, even things like cook time for each different pastry, or number of people in the store each hour.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u201din_container\u201d full_screen_row_position=\u201dmiddle\u201d column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d scene_position=\u201dcenter\u201d bottom_padding=\u201d100\u2033 left_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d constrain_group_2=\u201dyes\u201d right_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d bottom_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 bottom_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 text_color=\u201ddark\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d row_border_radius_applies=\u201dbg\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d shape_divider_position=\u201dbottom\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d shape_type=\u201d\u201d][vc_column column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d column_position=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> Il existe un grand nombre de donn\u00e9es diff\u00e9rentes pouvant \u00eatre recueillies \u00e0 partir des livres. Il y a notamment le format physique des livres, comme le format A5, le format de poche ou le format lettre, pour n'en citer que quelques-uns. On peut \u00e9galement distinguer les diff\u00e9rents types de livres (manuels scolaires, livres reli\u00e9s, livres de poche, livres de poche grand format), le nombre de pages, le prix de chaque ouvrage ou encore le sujet trait\u00e9. Au-del\u00e0 des exemples cit\u00e9s ici, on peut trouver encore davantage de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de quelques livres seulement ! Selon vous, quelles sont ces donn\u00e9es ? Essayez d\u2019en trouver vous-m\u00eame quelques-unes qui ne figurent pas dans cette liste.<\/p>\n En prenant cet ouvrage comme exemple, voici quelques-unes des r\u00e9ponses que vous pourriez trouver : Avec un seul livre, on pourrait r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions simples telles que : qui en est l'auteur ? Quelle est la longueur du livre ? De quel genre de livre s'agit-il ?<\/p>\n C'est lorsque l'on ajoute un autre type de donn\u00e9es que les choses deviennent vraiment int\u00e9ressantes ! Parmi ces autres donn\u00e9es, on peut citer un autre livre avec lequel comparer les deux, ou des \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus abstraits, comme la date de parution ou les critiques et avis sur le livre.<\/p>\n Avec davantage de donn\u00e9es, il est possible de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions plus complexes, telles que :<\/p>\n Quel est le prix moyen par cat\u00e9gorie de livre ? Combien de pages compte en moyenne chaque cat\u00e9gorie de livre ?<\/p>\n Combining multiple variables and kinds of data makes a dataset and then things become even more interesting! Suddenly there are even more questions to ask and answer. Questions such as: do students find books of a certain subject and length to be more or less worth their money for the learning outcomes they received? Consider more complex questions that could be answered with larger datasets.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u201din_container\u201d full_screen_row_position=\u201dmiddle\u201d column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d scene_position=\u201dcenter\u201d bottom_padding=\u201d100\u2033 left_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d constrain_group_2=\u201dyes\u201d right_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d bottom_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 bottom_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 text_color=\u201ddark\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d row_border_radius_applies=\u201dbg\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d shape_divider_position=\u201dbottom\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d shape_type=\u201d\u201d][vc_column column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d column_position=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> Nous commencerons par une question de recherche relativement simple et aborderons les diff\u00e9rents types de donn\u00e9es dont nous aurions besoin pour y r\u00e9pondre.<\/p>\n Dans ce cours, nous nous int\u00e9resserons principalement \u00e0 l'oc\u00e9an ; la question portera donc naturellement sur la recherche oc\u00e9anographique.<\/p>\n Notre question est la suivante : comment la temp\u00e9rature de l'oc\u00e9an influence-t-elle les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse sur une p\u00e9riode d'un an ?<\/p>\n De quel type de donn\u00e9es aurions-nous besoin pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question ?<\/p>\n Voici quelques r\u00e9ponses possibles :<\/p>\n And this is just a taste of some of the data you could use to answer such a question! The actual research project would probably turn out much more complicated, but this lesson gives a good overview of the basic steps to do so.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u201dfull_width_background\u201d full_screen_row_position=\u201dmiddle\u201d column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_color=\u201d#F3F0EC\u201d scene_position=\u201dcenter\u201d top_padding=\u201d100\u2033 constrain_group_1=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding=\u201d100\u2033 left_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d constrain_group_2=\u201dyes\u201d right_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d top_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 constrain_group_3=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 top_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 constrain_group_5=\u201dyes\u201d bottom_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 text_color=\u201ddark\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d row_border_radius_applies=\u201dbg\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d shape_divider_position=\u201dbottom\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d shape_type=\u201d\u201d][vc_column column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d column_position=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> In our next module we will introduce managing data.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p> R\u00e9fl\u00e9chissez \u00e0 une question de recherche qui vous int\u00e9resse. De quel type de donn\u00e9es auriez-vous besoin pour y r\u00e9pondre ?<\/p>\n Then, turn your thinking around. What other kinds of questions could be answered from this data? Are there any? Would it be easy to combine it with another study and answer new questions? And why is it important to think about data like this? (See the next module for the answers!)[\/vc_column_text][nectar_cta btn_style=\u201dbasic\u201d heading_tag=\u201dh5\u2033 button_color=\u201dextra-color-1\u2033 button_color_hover=\u201d#B44350\u2033 text_color=\u201d#F9F8F6\u2033 text_color_hover=\u201d#F9F8F6\u2033 button_border_thickness=\u201d0px\u201d link_type=\u201dregular\u201d alignment=\u201dleft\u201d alignment_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d alignment_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d constrain_group_3=\u201dyes\u201d constrain_group_4=\u201dyes\u201d display=\u201dinline\u201d display_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d display_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d icon_family=\u201dnone\u201d link_text=\u201dSee module 2\u2033 padding_top=\u201d22\u2033 padding_bottom=\u201d22\u2033 padding_left=\u201d32\u2033 padding_right=\u201d32\u2033 margin_top=\u201d15\u2033 url=\u201d\/ressource\/module-2-ocean-data-for-people-and-the-economy\/\u201d margin_right=\u201d15\u2033][nectar_cta btn_style=\u201dbasic\u201d heading_tag=\u201dh5\u2033 button_color=\u201dextra-color-1\u2033 button_color_hover=\u201d#B44350\u2033 text_color=\u201d#F9F8F6\u2033 text_color_hover=\u201d#F9F8F6\u2033 button_border_thickness=\u201d0px\u201d link_type=\u201dregular\u201d alignment=\u201dleft\u201d alignment_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d alignment_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d constrain_group_3=\u201dyes\u201d constrain_group_4=\u201dyes\u201d display=\u201dinline\u201d display_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d display_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d icon_family=\u201dnone\u201d link_text=\u201dSee all modules\u201d padding_top=\u201d22\u2033 padding_bottom=\u201d22\u2033 padding_left=\u201d32\u2033 padding_right=\u201d32\u2033 margin_top=\u201d15\u2033 url=\u201d\/7-ocean-data-things-course\/#modules\/\u201d][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d 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column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1590,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"resource-type":[55],"class_list":["post-1589","ressource","type-ressource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","resource-type-7-ocean-data-things"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ressource\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ressource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ressource"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cioosatlantic.enconstruction.website\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Regardez cette vid\u00e9o pour vous familiariser avec les donn\u00e9es, en notant ce que vous saviez d\u00e9j\u00e0 et les informations qui sont nouvelles pour vous.<\/h3>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/6\u2033 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Exemples de donn\u00e9es<\/h2>\n
Voyons quelques exemples de donn\u00e9es qui vous entourent.<\/h3>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/3\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d top_padding_tablet=\u201d50\u2033 top_padding_phone=\u201d25\u2033 text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]
Exemples de donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques :<\/h4>\n
Exemples de donn\u00e9es analogiques :<\/h4>\n
D\u00e9fi n\u00b0 1<\/h2>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=\u201dFull Width Line\u201d line_thickness=\u201d1\u2033 divider_color=\u201daccent-color\u201d][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d top_padding=\u201d25\u2033 text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dpadding-3-percent\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color=\u201d#F3F0EC\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201d10px\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d column_padding_type=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Consider your surroundings. Is there another collection of objects that could provide data points, beyond the examples mentioned here? Why do you think so? What data do they provide?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dpadding-3-percent\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color=\u201d#EBE8E4\u2033 background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201d10px\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d column_padding_type=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Notre r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Consider a purse, backpack or bag. The items inside can tell you a lot of data about a person, and some items individually might also be datasets. Such as a receipt from a store, which contains the data of what item was bought, what price it cost, often the date and time of transaction, the name of the cashier and any coupons or deals. The receipt itself would be just one data point when considering everything that could be in a bag, which would offer information such as, where does a person shop, what do they normally carry with them (laptop, book, snacks), do they carry physical money, or only cards? And these are just some of the possible answers![\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/3\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][image_with_animation image_url=\u201d1515\u2033 image_size=\u201dfull\u201d max_width=\u201d100%\u201d max_width_mobile=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201dentrance\u201d animation=\u201dNone\u201d animation_movement_type=\u201dtransform_y\u201d hover_animation=\u201dnone\u201d alignment=\u201d\u201d border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d box_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d image_loading=\u201ddefault\u201d][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d2\/3\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Let\u2019s take it even further, going back to our original example of books in one\u2019s room. The following is an example answer of possible data points from a collection of objects, specifically on books that a person might have in their room.
This book has a title: \u2018Automate the Boring Stuff With Python: Practical Programming for Total Beginners\u2019, and edition number: \u20182nd edition\u2019, is a textbook of a unique size, contains 547 pages, is on the subject of programming and computer science and costs $53.95 Canadian. Other data points to consider: the author \u2018Al Sweigart\u2019, the publishers \u2018No Starch Press\u2019 and the original publishing location which is San Francisco. There is even further data which might be available with research, such as the word count of the book.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u201din_container\u201d full_screen_row_position=\u201dmiddle\u201d column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d scene_position=\u201dcenter\u201d bottom_padding=\u201d100\u2033 left_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d constrain_group_2=\u201dyes\u201d right_padding_desktop=\u201d5%\u201d bottom_padding_tablet=\u201d75\u2033 bottom_padding_phone=\u201d50\u2033 text_color=\u201ddark\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d row_border_radius_applies=\u201dbg\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d shape_divider_position=\u201dbottom\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d shape_type=\u201d\u201d][vc_column column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d column_position=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]<\/p>D\u00e9fi n\u00b0 2<\/h2>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=\u201dFull Width Line\u201d line_thickness=\u201d1\u2033 divider_color=\u201daccent-color\u201d][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d top_padding=\u201d25\u2033 text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dpadding-3-percent\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color=\u201d#F3F0EC\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201d10px\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d column_padding_type=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Using these examples (or your own examples that you\u2019ve come up with), think of some questions you could answer from the data. Once you\u2019ve thought of a question, consider: how simple or complex it is? Does it need only one kind of data to answer the question, or will you need to use more than one?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dpadding-3-percent\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color=\u201d#EBE8E4\u2033 background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201d10px\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d column_padding_type=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Voici quelques r\u00e9ponses possibles, en reprenant l'exemple des livres de ta chambre \u00e9voqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment :<\/strong>\n
Une autre approche<\/h2>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=\u201dFull Width Line\u201d line_thickness=\u201d1\u2033 divider_color=\u201daccent-color\u201d][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d top_padding=\u201d25\u2033 text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201d10px\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d1\/1\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d column_padding_type=\u201ddefault\u201d gradient_type=\u201ddefault\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Now that we\u2019ve thought about which questions we can ask from the data we have, let\u2019s approach data from another angle and think about what data we will need for a particular question.
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R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_tablet=\u201ddefault\u201d column_direction_phone=\u201ddefault\u201d text_align=\u201dleft\u201d row_position=\u201ddefault\u201d row_position_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d row_position_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d pointer_events=\u201dall\u201d][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u201dno-extra-padding\u201d column_padding_tablet=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_phone=\u201dinherit\u201d column_padding_position=\u201dall\u201d column_element_direction_desktop=\u201ddefault\u201d column_element_spacing=\u201ddefault\u201d desktop_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d tablet_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d phone_text_alignment=\u201ddefault\u201d background_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 background_hover_color_opacity=\u201d1\u2033 column_backdrop_filter=\u201dnone\u201d column_shadow=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_radius=\u201dnone\u201d column_link_target=\u201d_self\u201d overflow=\u201dvisible\u201d gradient_direction=\u201dleft_to_right\u201d overlay_strength=\u201d0.3\u2033 width=\u201d5\/6\u2033 tablet_width_inherit=\u201ddefault\u201d animation_type=\u201ddefault\u201d bg_image_animation=\u201dnone\u201d border_type=\u201dsimple\u201d column_border_width=\u201dnone\u201d column_border_style=\u201dsolid\u201d][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d text_direction=\u201ddefault\u201d]Data when combined with other data becomes datasets, which can be used across time and space to answer questions. Most research begins with a question and from there researchers slowly refine what kind of data they will need to answer the question. This module has attempted to get you thinking about data in a variety of ways. It can be useful to turn ones thinking around when stumped and think about research from another angle, such as the example provided earlier of thinking about what questions can be asked from data that is gathered.
Avant de partir ! N'oubliez pas de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux points suivants pour le prochain module :<\/h3>\n